Tape 1, Side 1, Part 1 - Introduction. [never recorded] Tape 1, Side 1, Part 2 - Outdoor oven use: built wood fire 'til bricks were white hot, shoveled out ashes, and in went the bread for about an hour. Not every family had an oven, usually just a kitchen type of wood burning range. They use the same long wooden paddle in Belgium baking today. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 3 - Location of oven on the LeGrave farm. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 4 - LeGrave's blacksmith shop - its location and use: shoe horses, forging broken tools and machines' parts. Grace used to pump the bellows. Wagon wheels or anything else that broke was fixed on the farm. But, Frank never did any blacksmith work for anyone else. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 5 - Moving the old blacksmith shop to a new location - where the present blacksmith shop stands today. Two teams of horses didn't pull evenly and caused the stone building to break up. Used those stone blocks to build the present shop. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 6 - The outdoor oven was built on the end of the original blacksmith shop, so that it was also broken up in the moving process, but wasn't rebuilt, apparently it wasn't being used much at that time. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 7 - Outdoor oven described in elementary school reader with a section on pioneer life. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 8 - Crops grown on the farm: wheat, oats, barley, peas, rye, buckwheat, sugar, beets (just for one year, because too much work was involved for the profit which could be made). The beets were taken into Casco and then a sugar refinery in Green Bay also handled the beets back in the 1920s. Potatoes were also grown. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 9 - Farm acreage - original holdings and later purchases. The first farm which all three brothers ran together until each had saved enough and bought their own farms. Another brother had moved to Michigan. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 10 - Eighteen people lived in the one house at one point, with two very small bedrooms. The kitchen and living room were large, plus four large bedrooms upstairs. The different families were not separated, but no fighting ever occurred. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 11 - Oldest brother was the boss, he stopped all fights before they started. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 12 - Frank bought his farm in 1908, he married in 1909, but all the family still lived in the house, too, at first. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 13 - Differences became apparent between Frank and his brothers. They all started equal, but saved differently: different family sizes. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 14 - Upcoming Kermis. How Frank helped his wife with cooking, and how that was all she ever thought about. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 15 - Chickens and eggs sold at Ruben's general merchandise store. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 16 - Other animals on their farm: sheep; used the wool for stockings, spinning was done by Frank's mother. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 17 - Dying the wool. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 18 - Previous owners of the house: the builder was Prosper Naze, then Dr. LaFortune. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 19 - Frank was only seven years old when the LeGraves moved into the stone house, but he can remember the hayrick loaded with their belongings. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 20 - The older LeGrave house then remained vacant, they used it to warm up when working the fields on colder days. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 21 - Location of this older house. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 22 - Logs of this original house are still there, but covered with siding, and much of the rest of the house has been remodeled. All the farm barns were present when the LeGraves moved out. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 23 - Remodeling of new stone house: kitchen and living room. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 24 - Interruption. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 25 - Stone house was cold, so they warmed bricks on the kitchen stove to heat their beds. Also had a wood burner aside from the kitchen range. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 26 - Growing tobacco: difference between cigarette and chewing tobacco. Curing and chopping. Tape 1, Side 1, Part 27 - End side one. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 1 - Introduction. [never recorded] Tape 1, Side 2, Part 2 - Basement in stone house: nature and use. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 3 - Homemade beer and wine. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 4 - Backyard grape arbor and all the other bushes, just like in Belgium today. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 5 - Making wine, didn't add anything but mashed grapes. Didn't have anything else for the kids to drink, either. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 6 - The beer was made in a vat in a special shed, no longer present. Fire pot was under a big wooden vat, for barley and hops, which were boiled for twelve hours after having been dried. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 7 - Bought canned starter at the store in later years. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 8 - Lots of neighbors made moonshine, but not LeGraves. Made from rye, or corn suet if rye was in tight supply. Sort of like whiskey. The whole drinking philosophy. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 9 - Joe Rouers, Rankins, the Vilatte church in Duvall and others all always had moonshine. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 10 - Attic in the stone house filled with assorted trivia: a civil war uniform, a horn, an apple peeler and corer and slicer. Grandpa didn't like Grace up there. Also had tools for making wooden shoes. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 11 - Grandfather made and sold many pairs of wooden shoes from basswood. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 12 - Basket-making for their own use. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 13 - Wooden shoes sold at Ruben's store and then in Green Bay, too. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 14 - Grace's last memories of Grandpa LeGrave. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 15 - Old horses, they got the best feed for doing all the work, thus the milk production fell to practically nothing in winter, when there was little feed left over for the cows. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 16 - Pea soup - herbs grown for it in their garden. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 17 - Other fruit from the garden: apples, pears, apricots, etc., similar to Belgium. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 18 - Pies for the Kermis were stored in the basement to keep them fresh. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 19 - Stone crock in the basement for salted meat. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 20 - Manufactured their own wooden tubs. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 21 - Watering and feeding troughs were also built on the farm. At first they had to pump and carry the water from the well to the barn by hand. Later they got a gasoline pump to move the water through pipes. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 22 - LeGraves' attitudes toward modern changes. People aren't as happy anymore, no longer anyone singing in the fields. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 23 - Never used the phases of the moon for when to plant or butcher. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 24 - Butchered in the late fall. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 25 - Canning beef and salting pork, used to leave the rind on pork when butchering: better flavor, but not as good for you. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 26 - Wood lot - hauling and cutting the wood. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 27 - Threshing machine used to cut the wood with the aid of a team of horses. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 28 - Splitting the wood. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 29 - Zing of the saw, very dangerous. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 30 - Farm tasks vs. today's convenience. Tape 1, Side 2, Part 31 - end.
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