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00:00:04 - Belgian Medicine - "King of Pain" rub, strong cough medicine.

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00:01:34 - Druggists painted signs on large boulders. Often for "sunrise herb tea" (used for constipation).

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00:03:06 - Castor oil and Cod liver oil.

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00:03:35 - Went to bed for colds. Kids got more severe colds back then.

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00:04:20 - Smallpox epidemic around 1896. Mass public vaccination took place (description of vaccination process).

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00:06:53 - Fence around home of smallpox victim.

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00:07:19 - Burial of those who died from smallpox (no funeral due to germs).

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00:08:25 - No quarantines at Noel's house, but there were at others for diptheria.

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00:09:16 - Doctor never came to visit. Mrs. Dewit, a neighbor, delivered babies.

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00:09:41 - Children were taken to neighbors when siblings were born, they knew nothing about sex and childbirth. Mr. Noel thinks it is better to be innocent in this way.

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00:10:25 - No one would marry a girl with "low morals" back then.

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00:12:07 - Mr. Noel thinks it's good to feel that your wife is innocent; makes divorce less likely.

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00:12:48 - Sore throats were treated with goose grease and camphor.

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00:13:42 - Blew smoke into ears for earaches and scabs. Skinned knees not treated.

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00:15:08 - Blisters were always burst. Seldom went to the doctor for anything.

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00:16:02 - Father made homemade medicine, got recipes from grandmother and Indians.

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00:16:54 - Used crushed leaves on lips for coldsores. Gave Walloon name for this treatment.

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00:18:40 - Dyspepsia - Grandfather died of it.

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00:18:47 - Grandfather's funeral - first with a hearse (usually used wagons or bobsleds).

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00:19:40 - Bodies bloated and sometimes dripped on the floor in church.

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00:20:02 - Caskets. Expensive ones were black, covered with crepe. Cheap ones were just wooden boards with no lining.

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00:20:26 - A neighbor made caskets. (aside: he was the first to have a windmill)

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00:21:25 - Mr. Noel was afraid of dead bodies when he was young (incident).

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00:22:22 - Mr. Jeff Cavwenberg made caskets in the area.

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00:23:16 - Used grandfather's windmill to cut tobacco. Most farmers raised tobacco. Mr. Noel had to snip the tobacco buds when young.

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00:24:34 - Veterinary care. Vet stayed overnight caring for their horse.

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00:25:56 - Had a sheltered existence. Knew only what you learned on the farm. Invented own toys.

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00:26:52 - Dead horses and cows often left in woods to be devoured by wild animals.

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00:27:27 - Mother made own soap from lye and fat. Most old-time women did.

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00:27:34 - Removed paint from floor with lye.

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00:29:16 - Remembers the Irish in Denmark having clay pipes and drinking whiskey at wakes.

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00:30:17 - Moved to town because mother was hurt and couldn't work on the farm.

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00:31:12 - Father's wages in town.

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